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Herniated Disk

Herniated Disk

A problem with one of the rubbery cushions, or disks, that are positioned in between the stacking bones, or vertebrae, that constitute up your spine is known as a herniated disk.

An annulus is a a hard, rubbery outer layer, surrounding the nucleus, a soft, jelly-like center of a spinal disk. A herniated disk, also known as a slipped disk or a ruptured disk, is caused when part of the nucleus slips out through an annular tear.

Although they can develop anywhere along the spine, a herniated disk most frequently affects the lower back. A herniated disk may cause discomfort, numbness, or weakness in one or both arms or legs, depending on where it is.

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Causes

Most people are unable to identify the reason behind their disk herniation. A herniated disk can occasionally result by twisting and turning while carrying large objects, as well as from using the back muscles rather than the leg and thigh muscles. Seldom is the reason a traumatic incident such as a fall or blow to the back.

SYMPTOMS

Although they can sometimes happen in the neck, herniated disks typically occur in the lower back. The location of the disk and whether it is pushing on a nerve determine the signs and symptoms. One side of the body is typically affected by herniated disks.

  • Leg or arm ache. In addition to lower back discomfort, buttocks, thigh, and calf pain are common symptoms of a herniated disk in the lower back. You may also experience discomfort in a portion of your foot. Your arm and shoulder will usually hurt the most if you have a herniated disk in your neck. When you cough, sneeze, or move into specific positions, this pain may shoot into your arm or leg. Sharp or searing pain is a common description of pain.

 

  • Tingling or numbness. Herniated disk patients frequently experience radiating tingling or numbness in the body portion that the damaged nerves serve.
  • The afflicted nerves’ supplied muscles typically deteriorate. This may impair your ability to lift or grip objects, or it may make you stumble.

TREATMENTS

  • Non-prescription analgesics. Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, etc.), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, etc.), or naproxen sodium (Aleve), if your pain is mild to moderate.

 

  • Neuropathic medications. These medications lessen pain by interfering with nerve impulses. These consist of venlafaxine (Effexor XR), pregabalin (Lyrica), duloxetine (Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle), and gabapentin (Gralise, Horizant, Neurontin).

 

  • Muscle relaxants. If you experience muscle spasms, you may be prescribed these. Dizziness and sedation are frequent adverse effects.

 

  • Many clinicians are hesitant to administer opioids for disk herniation due to their risk for addiction and negative effects. Your doctor may recommend the short-term use of opioids, such as codeine or an oxycodone-acetaminophen combination, if other medications are ineffective in treating your pain. These medications may cause sedation, nausea, disorientation, and constipation as adverse effects.

 

Cortisone injections. Your doctor may prescribe an injection of corticosteroid to the region surrounding the spinal nerves if the pain doesn’t go better with oral drugs. Needle guidance with xray (fluoroscopy) is used.

If you’re in pain, your doctor might advise physical therapy. Your physical therapist can demonstrate postures and exercises that are intended to reduce herniated disk pain.

Very few ruptured disk patients need surgery. If six weeks have passed and conservative therapy are still not relieving your symptoms, particularly if you continue to have:

  • Ineffectively managed pain
  • Weakness or numbness
  • Trouble walking or standing
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control


Surgeons can usually remove only the piece of the disk that protrudes. It rarely needs to be removed in its entirety. In certain situations, a bone graft may be required to fuse the vertebrae.

In order to give spinal stability during the months-long process of bone fusion, metal hardware is inserted into the spine. In rare instances, your surgeon may recommend implanting a prosthetic disk.

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